A drought frequency formula

نویسنده

  • T. C. SHARMA
چکیده

The important elements of a drought phenomenon are the longest duration and the largest severity for a desired return period. These elements form a basis for designing water storage systems to cope with droughts. At times, a third element, drought intensity, is also used and is defined as the ratio of severity to duration. The commonly available statistics for the causative drought variables such as annual rainfall or runoff sequences are the mean, the coefficient of variation and the lag one serial correlation coefficient, and occasionally some indication of the probability distribution function (pdf) of the sequences. The extremal values of the duration and severity are modelled in the present paper using information on the aforesaid parameters at the truncation level equal to the mean of the drought sequence, which is generally taken as the truncation level in the analysis of droughts. The drought severity has been modelled as the product of the duration and intensity with the assumption of independence between them. An estimate of drought intensity has been realized from the concept of the truncated normal distribution of the standardized form of the drought sequences in the normalized domain. A formula in terms of the extremal severity and the T-year return period has been suggested similar to the flood frequency formulae, commonly cited in hydrological texts. Une formule de fréquence des sécheresses Résumé Les éléments caractéristiques d'un épisode de sécheresse sont la durée et la sévérité pour une période de retour donnée. Ces éléments permettent de concevoir des systèmes de stockage d'eau en vue d'affronter les sécheresses. Parfois, une troisième caractéristique, l'intensité de sécheresse, définie comme le rapport de la sévérité à la durée, est aussi employée. Les statistiques communément disponibles pour les variables qui sont à l'origine des sécheresses telles que les précipitations annuelles ou les séries de débits, sont la moyenne, le coefficient de variation et le coefficient d'autocorrélation d'ordre 1 et, occasionnellement, quelques informations concernant la fonction de distribution de probabilité (fdp) des séquences. Dans la présente étude, les valeurs extrêmes de la durée et de la sévérité sont modélisées en utilisant l'information disponible sur les paramètres que nous venons d'évoquer, au delà d'un seuil égal à la moyenne des séquences de sécheresse, seuil qui est généralement retenu dans l'analyse des sécheresses. La sévérité de la sécheresse a été modélisée comme le produit de sa durée et de son intensité en supposant leur indépendance. Une estimation de l'intensité de la sécheresse a été réalisée en partant de l'hypothèse d'une distribution normale tronquée de l'expression normalisée des séquences de sécheresse. On propose une formule en termes de sévérité extrême et de durée de retour, similaire aux formules de fréquence de crues communément citées dans les manuels hydrologiques.

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تاریخ انتشار 2007